THE ROMAN POET Horace lived in a world surprisingly like ours. It was a world of war, imperialism (whether overt or covert) and luxury. Horace lived through the civil wars which followed the assassination of Julius Caesar; indeed, he joined the armies of Brutus and Cassius, inspired by their aim of restoring the Republic; he fought with them at the battle of Philippi, threw his shield away (or so he says) in the headlong retreat, then returned to Rome to find his paternal property confiscated. Horace took advantage of the general amnesty granted by Octavian to those who fought with Brutus and ...
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